7. unmādanidānam

Larger type: Carakasaṃhitā · indented: Cakrapāṇidatta's Āyurvedadīpikā
athāta unmādanidānaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ||2||
autpādikaṃ 1 śoṣamabhidhāya dakṣayajñe kuṣṭhānantarotpannamunmādaṃ brūte| vacanaṃ hi- “bhayatrāsaśokairunmādāpasmārāṇām” (ni.a.8) iti||1-2||
iha khalu pañconmādā bhavanti; tadyathā- vātapittakaphasannipātāgantunimittāḥ||3|| tatra doṣanimittāścatvāraḥ puruṣāṇāmevaṃvidhānāṃ kṣipramabhinirvartante; tadyathā- bhīrūṇāmupakliṣṭasattvānāmutsannadoṣāṇāṃ samalavikṛtopahitānyanucitānyāhārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktenopayogavidhinopayuñjānānāṃ tantraprayogamapi viṣamamācaratāmanyāśca śarīraceṣṭā viṣamāḥ samācaratāmatyupakṣīṇadehānāṃ vyādhivegasamudbhramitānāmupahatamanasāṃ 2 vā kāmakrodhalobhaharṣabhayamohāyāsaśokacintodvegādibhirbhūyo'bhighātābhyāhatānāṃ vā manasyupahate buddhau ca pracalitāyāmabhyudīrṇā 3 doṣāḥ prakupitā hṛdayamupasṛtya manovahāni srotāṃsyāvṛtya janayantyunmādam||4||
upakliṣṭasattvānāmiti rajastamobhyāmupahatecetasām| utsannadoṣāṇāmiti pravṛddhodbhrāntadoṣāṇām| samalaiḥ aśucibhiḥ, vikṛtaiḥ vairodhikaiḥ, upahitāni miśrīkṛtānīti samalavikṛtopahitāni; kiṃvā samalaiḥ malinaiḥ, vikṛtaiḥ kuṣṭhivyaṅgādibhiḥ parijanaiḥ, upahitāni upaḍhaukitānīti samalavikṛtopahitāni| vaiṣamyayuktenopayogavidhineti yaḥ prakṛtikaraṇādirāhāropayogavidhirvaktavyaḥ, tena vaiṣamyayuktena; vaiṣamyaṃ ca prakṛtyādīnāmaśastatvaṃ prakṛtigurutvādibhiḥ kṛtaṃ jñeyam| tantraṃ śarīraṃ, tasya paripālanārthaṃ sadvṛttoktaḥ prayogaḥ; śarīraceṣṭāśabdena tu gamanādi gṛhyate, tena na paunaruktyam| tantraśabdaḥ śarīre vartate; yaduktaṃ- “tantrayantreṣu bhinneṣu tamo'ntyaṃ pravivikṣatām” (i.a.12) iti| vyādhivegasamudbhramitānāmiti 4 vyādhibalenāprakṛtisthitānām| upahatamanasāmiti kāmādibhiḥ sambadhyate| bhūya iti punaḥ punaḥ| upasṛtyeti 5 vyāpya||3-4||
unmādaṃ punarmanobuddhisañjñājñānasmṛtibhaktiśīlaceṣṭācāravibhramaṃ 6 vidyāt||5||
unmādapratyātmalakṣaṇamāha- unmādaṃ punarityādi| vibhramamiti manaḥprabhṛtibhiḥ pratyekaṃ sambadhyate| atra manovibhramāccintyānarthānna cintayate, acintyāṃśca cintayate; uktaṃ hi- “manasaśca cintyamarthaḥ” (sū.a.8) iti| buddhivibhramāttu nityamanityamiti, priyaṃ cāpriyamiti paśyati; vacanaṃ hi- “viṣamābhiniveśo yo nityānitye priyāpriye| jñeyaḥ sa buddhivibhraṃśaḥ, samaṃ buddhirhi paśyati” (śā.a.1) iti| sañjñāṃ jñānaṃ, tadvibhramādagnyādidāhaṃ na budhyate; kiṃvā sañjñā nāmollekhena jñānam| smṛtivibhramāttu na smarati, ayathāvadvā smarati| bhaktiricchā, tadvibhramācca yatrecchā pūrvamāsīttatrānicchā bhavati| śīlavibhramādakrodhanaḥ krodhano bhavati| ceṣṭāvibhramādanucitaceṣṭo bhavati| ācāraḥ śāstraśikṣākṛto vyavahāraḥ; tadvibhramādaśaucādyācarati||5||
tasyemāni pūrvarūpāṇi; tadyathā- śirasaḥ śūnyatā, cakṣuṣorākulatā, svanaḥ karṇayoḥ, ucchvāsasyādhikyam, āsyasaṃsravaṇam, anannābhilāṣārocakāvipākāḥ, hṛdgrahaḥ, dhyānāyāsasammohodvegāścāsthāne, satataṃ lomaharṣaḥ, jvaraścābhīkṣṇam, unmattacittatvam, udarditvam 7, arditākṛtikaraṇaṃ ca vyādheḥ, svapne cābhīkṣṇaṃ darśanaṃ bhrāntacalitānavasthitānāṃ rūpāṇāmapraśastānāṃ ca tilapīḍakacakrādhirohaṇaṃ vātakuṇḍalikābhiśconmathanaṃ nimajjanaṃ ca kaluṣāṇāmambhasāmāvarte cakṣuṣoścāpasarpaṇamiti 8 (doṣanimittānāmunmādānāṃ pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti)||6||
asthāne ityaviṣaye; tena adhyānaviṣaye dhyānam, asammohaviṣaye ca moha ityādi jñeyam| unmattacittatvamiti udbhrāntacittatvam| udarditatvamiti ūrdhvakāye pīḍitatvam| arditākṛtikaraṇaṃ ca vyādheriti arditasya vyādherākṛtikaraṇaṃ; tenārdhavaktrabhramaṇādikaraṇamityarthaḥ| kiṃvā vyādheriti prathamoktena tasyetyanena sambadhyate, tena tasya vyādherbuddhyādibhramarūpasyonmādasya yathoktāni pūrvarūpāṇīti yojanā| cakṣuṣoścāpasarpaṇamiti cakṣurvyapagama ityarthaḥ||6||
tato'nantaramevamunmādābhinirvṛttireva| tatredamunmādaviśeṣavijñānaṃ bhavati; tadyathā- parisaraṇamajasram, akṣibhruvauṣṭhāṃsahanvagrahastapādāṅgavikṣepaṇamakasmāt 9, satatamaniyatānāṃ ca girāmutsargaḥ, phenāgamanamāsyāt, abhīkṣṇaṃ smitahasitanṛtyagītavāditrasamprayogāścāsthāne, vīṇāvaṃśaśaṅkhaśamyātālaśabdānukaraṇamasāmnā, yānamayānaiḥ, alaṅkaraṇamanalaṅkārikairdravyaiḥ, lobhaścābhyavahāryeṣvalabdheṣu, labdheṣu 10 cāvamānastīvramātsaryaṃ ca, kārśyaṃ, pāruṣyam, utpiṇḍitāruṇākṣatā, vātopaśayaviparyāsādanupaśayatā ca; iti vātonmādaliṅgāni bhavanti(1); amarṣaḥ, krodhaḥ, saṃrambhaścāsthāne, śastraloṣṭrakaśākāṣṭhamuṣṭibhirabhihananaṃ sveṣāṃ pareṣāṃ vā, abhidravaṇaṃ, pracchāyaśītodakānnābhilāṣaḥ, santāpaścātivelaṃ, tāmraharitahāridrasaṃrabdhākṣatā, pittopaśayaviparyāsādanupaśayatā ca; iti pittonmādaliṅgāni bhavanti(2); sthānamekadeśe, tūṣṇīmbhāvaḥ, alpaśaścaṅkramaṇaṃ, lālāśiṅghāṇakasravaṇam, anannābhilāṣaḥ, rahaskāmatā, bībhatsatvaṃ, śaucadveṣaḥ, svapnanityatā, śvayathurānane, śuklastimitamalopadigdhākṣatvaṃ, śleṣmopaśayaviparyāsādanupaśayatā ca; iti śleṣmonmādaliṅgāni bhavanti(3); tridoṣaliṅgasannipāte tu sānnipātikaṃ vidyāt; tamasādhyamācakṣate kuśalāḥ||7||
tato'nantaramevetivacanāt pūrvarūpānantaraṃ śīghramevonmādo bhavatīti darśayati; anye rogā yathā pūrvarūpe bhūte'pi cireṇa bhavanti, na tathonmāda ityarthaḥ| unmādaviśeṣavijñānamiti vātādyunmādaliṅgamityarthaḥ| parisaraṇaṃ bhramaṇam| śamyā dakṣiṇahastena vādanaṃ, tālastu vāmahastena vādanaṃ; yaduktaṃ viśākhinā- “śamyā dakṣiṇahastena, vāmahastena tālakaḥ| ubhābhyāṃ vādanaṃ yattu sannipātaḥ sa ucyate” iti| asāmneti uccaiḥ| ayānairiti hastyādiyānavyatiriktaiḥ| labdheṣu cāvamāna iti prāpteṣvabhyavahāryeṣvāhāryeṣvanupayogo'vadhīraṇaṃ ca; na kevalamavamānaḥ, kintu tīvraṃ mātsaryaṃ ca; abhyavahāryaṃ labdhvā na kasyaciddātumicchatītyarthaḥ| vāte upaśaya upaśayahetuḥ snehādirvātopaśayaḥ, tasya viparyāso rūkṣādiḥ, tenānupaśayitā asukhamityarthaḥ| cakārādvātānuguṇasnehādyupaśayatā ca gṛhyate| amarṣa ityādi pittonmādaliṅgam| saṃrambha ārabhaṭī| sveṣāmiti ātmīyānām| kaphonmādaliṅge raho vijanam||7||
sādhyānāṃ tu trayāṇāṃ sādhanāni- snehasvedavamanavirecanāsthāpanānuvāsanopaśamana nastaḥkarmadhūmadhūpanāñjanāvapīḍapradhamanābhyaṅgapradehapariṣekānulepanavadhabandhanāvarodhana- vitrāsanavismāpanavismāraṇāpatarpaṇasirāvyadhanāni, bhojanavidhānaṃ ca yathāsvaṃ yuktyā, yaccānyadapi kiñcinnidānaviparītamauṣadhaṃ kāryaṃ tadapi syāditi||8|| bhavati cātra- unmādān doṣajān sādhyān sādhayedbhiṣaguttamaḥ| anena vidhiyuktena karmaṇā yat prakīrtitam||9||
avarodhanaṃ tamograhāvarodhanādi| vidhiyukteneti unmādacikitsite prapañcavakṣyamāṇavidhiyuktenetyarthaḥ||8-9||
yastu doṣanimittebhya unmādebhyaḥ samutthānapūrvarūpaliṅgavedanopaśayaviśeṣasamanvito bhavatyunmādastamāgantukamācakṣate| kecit punaḥ pūrvakṛtaṃ karmāpraśastamicchanti tasya nimittam| tasya 11 ca hetuḥ prajñāparādha eveti bhagavān punarvasurātreyaḥ| prajñāparādhāddhyayaṃ devarṣipitṛgandharvayakṣarākṣasapiśācaguruvṛddhasiddhācāryapūjyānavamatyāhitānyācarati, anyadvā kiñcidevaṃvidhaṃ karmāpraśastamārabhate; tamātmanā hatamupaghnanto devādayaḥ kurvantyunmattam||10||
kecit punarityādau ‘tasya nimittaṃ’ itipadamāvṛtya pūrveṇa pareṇa ca yojanīyam| tatra prajñāparādha eva tasya nimittamiti bruvatā apraśastaprāktanakarmajanyatvaṃ na pratikṣipyate, yataḥ prāktanamapi hi karma prajñāparādhajameva| kiṃvā, tasya nimittaṃ prajñāparādha evetyanena tasyetyapraśastakarmaṇo'pi prajñāparādha eva kāraṇamiti darśyate; tena karmajasya prajñāparādhāntarniviṣṭatvamucyate| ātmanā hatamiti ātmanā kṛtenāśubhakarmaṇā hatam| upaghnanta ityāveśaṃ kurvantaḥ||10||
tatra devādiprakopanimittenāgantukonmādena puraskṛtasyemāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- devagobrāhmaṇatapasvināṃ hiṃsārucitvaṃ, kopanatvaṃ, nṛśaṃsābhiprāyatā, aratiḥ, ojovarṇacchāyābalavapuṣāmupataptiḥ, svapne ca devādibhirabhibhartsanaṃ pravartanaṃ ceti; tato'nantaramunmādābhinirvṛttiḥ||11||
puraskṛtasyeti abhiśapanīyatayā vyavasthāpitasya| nṛśaṃsābhiprāyatā parāpakārarucitvam| ojasa upataptyā 12 ojaḥkāryabalādirahitaḥ| pravartanaṃ preraṇam||11||
tatrāyamunmādakarāṇāṃ bhūtānāmunmādayiṣyatāmārambhaviśeṣo bhavati; tadyathā- avalokayanto devā janayantyunmādaṃ, guruvṛddhasiddhamaharṣayo'bhiśapantaḥ, pitaro darśayantaḥ 13, spṛśanto gandharvāḥ, samāviśanto yakṣāḥ, rākṣasāstvātmagandhamāghrāpayantaḥ, piśācāḥ punarāruhya vāhayantaḥ||12||
darśayanta ityatra ‘ātmānam’ iti śeṣaḥ||12||
tasyemāni rūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- atyātmabalavīryapauruṣaparākramagrahaṇadhāraṇasmaraṇajñānavacanavijñānāni 14, aniyataśconmādakālaḥ||13||
atyātmaśabdo balādibhiḥ pratyekamabhisambadhyate| ātmānamatiricyeti atyātma; tenātmānanurūpabalādiyogo bhavatītyarthaḥ||13||
unmādayiṣyatāmapi khalu devarṣipitṛgandharvayakṣarākṣasapiśācānāṃ guruvṛddhasiddhānāṃ vā eṣvantareṣvabhigamanīyāḥ puruṣā bhavanti; tadyathā- pāpasya karmaṇaḥ samārambhe, pūrvakṛtasya vā karmaṇaḥ pariṇāmakāle, ekasya vā śūnyagṛhavāse catuṣpathādhiṣṭhāne vā, sandhyāvelāyāmaprayatabhāve vā parvasandhiṣu vā mithunībhāve, rajasvalābhigamane vā, viguṇe vā'dhyayanabalimaṅgalahomaprayoge, niyamavratabrahmacaryabhaṅge vā, mahāhave vā, deśakulapuravināśe vā, mahāgrahopagamane vā, striyā vā prajananakāle, vividhabhūtāśubhāśucisparśane vā, vamanavirecanarudhirasrāve, aśuceraprayatasya vā caityadevāyatanābhigamane vā, māṃsamadhutilaguḍamadyocchiṣṭe vā, digvāsasi vā, niśi nagaranigamacatuṣpathopavanaśmaśānāghātanābhigamane vā, dvijagurusurayatipūjyābhidharṣaṇe vā, dharmākhyānavyatikrame vā, anyasya vā karmaṇo'praśastasyārambhe, ityabhighātakālā vyākhyātā bhavanti||14||
parvasandhiḥ amāvāsyā paurṇamāsī ca| digvāsasīti nagne| niśītyādau punaścatuṣpathavacanaṃ niśi punaranyena sahāpi catuṣpathagamanapradarśanārtham 15; ekasyetyādau tu divā'pyekasya catuṣpathagamanaṃ bruvate| dharmākhyānavyatikrama iti avidhinā dharmaprakāśane||14||
trividhaṃ tu khalūnmādakarāṇāṃ bhūtānāmunmādane prayojanaṃ bhavati; tadyathā- hiṃsā, ratiḥ, abhyarcanaṃ ceti| teṣāṃ taṃ prayojanaviśeṣamunmattācāraviśeṣalakṣaṇairvidyāt| tatra hiṃsārthinonmādyamāno'gniṃ praviśati, apsu nimajjati, sthalācchvabhre vā patati, śastrakaśākāṣṭhaloṣṭamuṣṭibhirhantyātmānam, anyacca prāṇavadhārthamārabhate kiñcit, tamasādhyaṃ vidyāt; sādhyau punardvāvitarau||15||
ratiḥ krīḍā| abhyarcanaṃ pūjā| unmattācāraviśeṣalakṣaṇairvidyāditi unmattasyācāraviśeṣarūpairlakṣaṇairhiṃsārthādyunmāditaṃ 16 vidyāt| tatra hiṃsārthinonmādito hiṃsānuguṇamagnipraveśādyācarati, ratyarthinā conmāditaḥ krīḍārthaṃ pracarati, pūjārthinā gṛhīto pūjāṃ ceṣṭate| iha ca devādivacanena devādyanucarā 17 devādisadharmāṇo grāhyāḥ, devādayastu na mānuṣānāviśanti| uktaṃ hi suśrute- “na te manuṣyaiḥ saha saṃviśanti navā manuṣyān kvacidāviśanti| ye tvāviśantīti vadanti mohātte bhūtavidyāviṣayādapohyāḥ” (su.u.taṃ.a.61) ityādi| hiṃsārthigṛhītasyāsādhyatvena tadvijñānārthaṃ sāmānyoktānyapi lakṣaṇāni śṛṅgagrāhikayā brūte||15||
tayoḥ sādhanāni- mantrauṣadhimaṇimaṅgalabalyupahārahomaniyamavrataprāyaścittopavāsa svastyayanapraṇipātagamanādīni||16|| evamete pañconmādā vyākhyātā bhavanti||17||
tayorityādau gamanaṃ devatīrthādigamanam||16-17||
te tu khalu nijāgantuviśeṣeṇa sādhyāsādhyaviśeṣeṇa ca pravibhajyamānāḥ pañca santo dvāveva bhavataḥ| tau ca parasparamanubadhnītaḥ kadācidyathoktahetusaṃsargāt| tayoḥ saṃsṛṣṭameva pūrvarūpaṃ bhavati, saṃsṛṣṭameva ca liṅgam| tatrāsādhyasaṃyogaṃ sādhyāsādhyasaṃyogaṃ cāsādhyaṃ vidyāt, sādhyaṃ tu sādhyasaṃyogam| tasya sādhanaṃ sādhanasaṃyogameva vidyāditi||18||
tāviti tau nijāgantū| parasparamanubadhnītaḥ kadāciditi na sarvadā| yathoktahetusaṃsargāditi nijāgantuhetumelakāt| tatreti nijāgantuhetusaṃsarge| asādhyasaṃyogamiti yadā tridoṣajonmāde hiṃsārthinā devādinā'nubandho bhavati, tadā'sādhyayoḥ saṃyogo bhavati| sādhyāsādhyasaṃyogastu ekadoṣaje unmāde hiṃsārthyunmādayogāttathā ratyarthonmāde tridoṣonmādānubandhāccetyādi jñeyam| sādhyasaṃyogasya sādhyarūpatayaiva sādhyatāyāṃ siddhāyāṃ punaḥ sādhyamitivacanaṃ sādhyarūpavikārāntarasambandhe vikārabhūyastvenāsādhyaśaṅkāpratiṣedhārtham| sādhanasaṃyogameveti nijāgantusādhanamelakamityarthaḥ||18||
bhavanti cātra- naiva devā na gandharvā na piśācā na rākṣasāḥ| na cānye svayamakliṣṭamupakliśnanti mānavam||19|| ye tvenamanuvartante kliśyamānaṃ svakarmaṇā| na sa taddhetukaḥ kleśo 18 na hyasti kṛtakṛtyatā||20||
samprati devādyunmādahetuparihārārthaṃ devādyunmāde'pi prakṛtameva karma kāraṇaṃ darśayati- naivetyādi| anuvartanta itivacanādduṣkṛtakarmapreritā eva devādayo'śubhakarmāṇamabhiniviśantīti darśayati; yadi hyevameva devādayaḥ karmanirapekṣā unmattaṃ kuryustadā sarvāneva kuryuriti bhāvaḥ| na sa taddhetukaḥ kleśa iti nāsau devādikṛta unmāda ityarthaḥ| atha kathaṃ devādyāveśajanito'pyayaṃ na devādikṛta ityāha- nahyasti kṛtakṛtyateti; na yasmādaśubhakarmaṇā kṛte unmāde punardevādikṛtyatvamasti, na hi kṛtaṃ punaḥ kriyate, devādayaśca karmaparādhīnā eveti bhāvaḥ| kiṃvā, ‘nahyasya kṛtakṛtyatā’ iti pāṭhaḥ| tatra kṛtenaiva prāktanakarmaṇā unmādito na kṛtyaḥ karaṇīyaḥ puruṣo bhavati; anyathā, sarveṣāmevāviśeṣeṇa devādyunmādaḥ syāt; tasmādyenaivonmādaphalajanakaṃ karma kṛtaṃ, sa eva devādibhiḥ karmaparādhīnairabhigamyate; anenābhiprāyeṇāha- nahyasya kṛtakṛtyateti|- akṛtapāpakarmaṇo na devādyabhigamanīyatā'stītyarthaḥ| yasmāddevādayo'tra karmaparādhīnāstasmāddevādayo nopālambhyāḥ||19-20||
prajñāparādhāt sambhūte vyādhau karmaja ātmanaḥ| nābhiśaṃsedbudho devānna pitṝnnāpi rākṣasān||21|| ātmānameva manyeta kartāraṃ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ| tasmācchreyaskaraṃ mārgaṃ pratipadyeta no traset||22|| devādīnāmapacitirhitānāṃ copasevanam| te ca 19 tebhyo virodhaśca sarvamāyattamātmani||23|| tatra ślokaḥ- saṅkhyā nimittaṃ prāgrūpaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ sādhyatā na ca| unmādānāṃ nidāne'smin kriyāsūtraṃ ca bhāṣitam||24||
na ca devādibhyo bhetavyamityāha- prajñāparādhādityādi| nābhiśaṃsediti nopālabheta| ātmānamityādau ātmaiva śubhāśubhakarmakaraṇāt sukhaduḥkhayoryathāsaṅkhyaṃ kāraṇaṃ bhavatīti vākyārthaḥ| no trasediti devādibhyaḥ, evamevāmī śubhakarmāṇamapi gṛhṇantīti kṛtvā no traset| apacitiḥ pūjā| te cetyādau te ceti devāpacitihitopasevane| tebhyo virodhaśceti tebhyo devādibhyo virodho yato bhavatyaśubhakarmabhyaḥ, tat sarvamātmanyāyattam| etena, ātmādhīnamevedamunmādakāraṇasya parivarjanaṃ parisevanaṃ ca darśayati||21-24||
ityagniveśakṛte tantre carakapratisaṃskṛte nidānasthāne unmādanidānaṃ nāma saptamo'dhyāyaḥ||7||
iti śrīcakrapāṇidattaviracitāyāṃ carakatātparyaṭīkāyāmāyurvedadīpikāyāṃ nidānasthāne unmādanidānaṃ nāma saptamo'dhyāyaḥ||7||

pāṭhāntarāḥ

  1. 1 ‘autpātikaṃ’ iti pā.
  2. 2 ‘vyādhivegasamudbhrāmitopahatamanasāṃ iti pā.
  3. 3 ‘abhyudīrṇatvāddoṣāḥ’ iti pā.
  4. 4 ‘vyādhivegasamudvasitānāmiti’ iti pā.
  5. 5 ‘upasṛtyeti upagamya praduṣyeti yāvat’ iti pā.
  6. 6 ‘ceṣṭācāravibhraṃśaṃ’ iti pā.
  7. 7 ‘arditākṛtikaraṇamunmarditatvaṃ’ iti pā.
  8. 8 ‘cakṣuṣoścāpatarpaṇam’ iti pā.
  9. 9 ‘aṃsahanvagrahastapādāṅgākṣibhrūvikṣepaścākasmāt’ iti pā.
  10. 10 ‘labdheṣu cāvamānaḥ, tīvratvaṃ, mātsaryaṃ’ iti pā.
  11. 11 ‘tatra’ iti pā.
  12. 12 ‘anojāḥ iti’ iti pā.
  13. 13 ‘dharṣayantaḥ’ iti pā.
  14. 14 ‘amartyabala...’ iti pā.
  15. 15 ‘niśicatuṣpathopagamanasya viśeṣeṇābhighātakālatvaṃ bodhyaṃ, punaruktatvāt’ iti gaṅgādharaḥ
  16. 16 ‘hiṃsārthādyunmādanaṃ’ iti pā.
  17. 17 ‘devādyanucarānuvidhāyino grāhyāḥ’ iti pā.
  18. 18 ‘na tannimittaḥ kleśo'sau’ iti pā.
  19. 19 ‘yaśca’ iti pā.