10. mahācatuṣpādo'dhyāyaḥ

athāto mahācatuṣpādamadhyāyaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ||2||

pūrvādhyāye vaidyādayo vyādhipraśamakāraṇamityuktaṃ, tadihākṣipya vyavasthāpyata ityanantaraṃ mahācatuṣpādo'bhidhīyate| mahattvaṃ cāsya pūrvādhyāyāpekṣayā, bahugranthatvena pūrvapakṣasiddhāntarūpabahuprameyābhidhāyakatvena ca||1-2||

catuṣpādaṃ ṣoḍaśakalaṃ bheṣajamiti bhiṣajo bhāṣante, yaduktaṃ pūrvādhyāye ṣoḍaśaguṇamiti, tadbheṣajaṃ yuktiyuktamalamārogyāyeti bhagavān punarvasurātreyaḥ||3||

ṣoḍaśakalaṃ ṣoḍaśaguṇaṃ, kalāśabdo guṇavacanaḥ| bhiṣajo bhāṣanta iti bruvate| prakṛte'rthe śāstrāntarasammatiṃ darśayati- yuktiyuktamiti| yunaktīti yuktiḥ pravṛttirucyate; yuktiyuktaṃ pravṛttimadityarthaḥ; pravṛttiśca vaidyādīnāṃ cikitsārūpā pūrvādhyāye vyākṛtā| alaṃ samartham| iti bhagavānātreyo ‘brūte’ iti śeṣaḥ||3||

neti maitreyaḥ, kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? dṛśyante hyāturāḥ kecidupakaraṇavantaśca paricārakasampannāścātmavantaśca kuśalaiśca bhiṣagbhiranuṣṭhitāḥ ¹ samuttiṣṭhamānāḥ, tathāyuktāścāpare mriyamāṇāḥ; tasmādbheṣajamakiñcitkaraṃ bhavati, tadyathā- śvabhre sarasi ca prasiktamalpamudakaṃ, nadyāṃ vā syandamānāyāṃ pāṃsudhāne vā pāṃsumuṣṭiḥ prakīrṇa iti; tathā'pare dṛśyante'nupakaraṇāścāparicārakāścānātmavantaścākuśalaiśca bhiṣagbhiranuṣṭhitāḥ samuttiṣṭhamānāḥ, tathāyuktā mriyamāṇāścāpare| yataśca pratikurvan sidhyati, pratikurvan mriyate; apratikurvan sidhyati, apratikurvan mriyate; tataścintyate bheṣajamabheṣajenāviśiṣṭamiti ²||4||

uktamākṣipati- netītyādi| upakaraṇaṃ bheṣajam| anuṣṭhitāḥ cikitsitumupakrāntāḥ| tathāyuktāḥ pūrvavaccikitsitumupakrāntā ityarthaḥ| akiñcitkaramiti bheṣaje satyapi yadā''rogyaṃ na bhavati; tena, yatrāpi sati bheṣaje ārogyaṃ bhavati, tatrāpi bheṣajavyatiriktaṃ karmaiva daivasañjñakaṃ kāraṇaṃ, bheṣajaṃ tu tatra daivāgatasannidhānamakāraṇamevetyarthaḥ| atraivārthe dṛṣṭāntadvayaṃ darśayati- tadyathetyādi| śvabhre garte yathā'lpaṃ jalamakiñcitkaramevaṃ mriyamāṇe'pi bheṣajaṃ, yathā ca sarasi anyata eva pūrṇe'lpamudakamakiñcitkaraṃ bhavatyevamanyata evārogyahetoḥ karmaṇo rogapraśamane jāyamāne bheṣajamakiñcitkaraṃ bhavatīti sarodṛṣṭāntena darśayati; evaṃ nadyāṃ syandamānāyāṃ vahamānāyāṃ pāṃsumuṣṭiriti nidarśanaṃ śvabhravat, pāṃsudhāne pāṃśurāśau pāṃśumuṣṭiriti sarodṛṣṭāntavadvyākhyeyam| atra ca toyadṛṣṭāntaḥ saṃśodhanabheṣajābhiprāyeṇa, pāṃśudṛṣṭāntastu saṃśamanabheṣajābhiprāyeṇa; yadi vā jalaṃ santarpaṇabheṣajābhiprāyeṇa, pāṃśumuṣṭistvapatarpaṇābhiprāyeṇa boddhavyā| bheṣajānvayavyabhicāraṃ darśayitvā tadvyatirekavyabhicāraṃ darśayati- tathā'pare ityādi| pratikurvannityantarbhāvitaṇyarthatvāt pratikārayannityarthaḥ; yadi vā''tura eva vaidyādīnutpādyātmānaṃ pratikurvanniti mantavyam; etena daivākhyakarmavaśādevāyaṃ jīvati mriyate vā, rogī bhavatyarogo vā, na dṛṣṭabheṣajamatra kiñcitkaramiti pūrvapakṣārthaḥ||4||

maitreya ³! mithyā cintyata ityātreyaḥ; kiṃ kāraṇaṃ, ye hyāturāḥ ṣoḍaśaguṇasamuditenānena bheṣajenopapadyamānā mriyanta ityuktaṃ tadanupapannaṃ, na hi bheṣajasādhyānāṃ vyādhīnāṃ bheṣajamakāraṇaṃ bhavati; ye punarāturāḥ kevalādbheṣajādṛte samuttiṣṭhante, na teṣāṃ sampūrṇabheṣajopapādanāya samutthānaviśeṣo ⁴ nāsti; yathā hi patitaṃ puruṣaṃ samarthamutthānāyotthāpayan puruṣo balamasyopādadhyāt, sa kṣiprataramaparikliṣṭa evottiṣṭhet, tadvat sampūrṇabheṣajopalambhādāturāḥ; ye cāturāḥ kevalādbheṣajādapi mriyante, na ca sarva eva te bheṣajopapannāḥ samuttiṣṭheran, nahi sarve vyādhayo bhavantyupāyasādhyāḥ, na copāyasādhyānāṃ vyādhīnāmanupāyena siddhirasti, na cāsādhyānāṃ vyādhīnāṃ bheṣajasamudāyo'yamasti ⁵, na hyalaṃ jñānavān bhiṣaṅmumūrṣumāturamutthāpayituṃ; parīkṣyakāriṇo hi kuśalā bhavanti, yathā hi yogajño'bhyāsanitya iṣvāso dhanurādāyeṣumasyannātiviprakṛṣṭe mahati kāye nāparādhavān bhavati, sampādayati ceṣṭakāryaṃ, tathā bhiṣak svaguṇasampanna upakaraṇavān vīkṣya karmārabhamāṇaḥ sādhyarogamanaparādhaḥ sampādayatyevāturamārogyeṇa; tasmānna bheṣajamabheṣajenāviśiṣṭaṃ bhavati||5||

siddhāntayati- mithyetyādi| kevalāt sampūrṇāt| na nāstītyubhayanakārakaraṇādasti samutthānaviśeṣa ityarthaḥ| tadvaditi kṣiprataramakliṣṭā evottiṣṭhanta ityarthaḥ| evaṃ manyate- yadyapyadṛṣṭamevotthāne kāraṇaṃ, tathā'pi yadi dṛṣṭamapi tatrānubalaṃ bhavati, tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭobhayabalācchīghramevārogyaṃ bhavati| sarva eveti sādhyavyādhayo'sādhyavyādhayaśca; sampūrṇabheṣajopapattāvapi satyāmasādhyavyādhayo nottiṣṭhante, sādhyavyādhaya uttiṣṭhanta iti bhāvaḥ| yadyapyasādhyavyādhiṃ prati sampūrṇabheṣajopapattireva nāsti, yaduktaṃ- “na cāsādhyānāṃ vyādhīnāṃ bheṣajasamudāyo'yamasti, nahyalaṃ jñānavān bhiṣaṅmumūrṣumāturamutthāpayitum” iti, tathā'pīha kiñcidasampūrṇabheṣajatve'pi sampūrṇabheṣajopapanna ityuktam| ye tu sādhyavyādhayaste satyāmeva bheṣajasampattau jīvanti, asatyāṃ tu bheṣajasampattau balavajjīvanakarmābhāve mriyanta eveti darśayannāha- na copāyetyādi| upāyenaiva dṛṣṭārthena sādhyā upāyasādhyāḥ| idamatrākūtaṃ- yat- dvividhaṃ karma balavadabalavacca; tatra balavanniyatavipākakālaṃ, yathedaṃ karmāsminneva kāle mārayati; abalavacca mārakaṃ karma mārayatveva paraṃ kālāniyamena, tadyadā dṛṣṭasāmagrīmanuguṇāmapathyasevārūpāmauṣadhābhāvarūpāṃ ca prāpnoti tadā mārayati, yadā tu na prāpnoti tadā na mārayati| yaduktaṃ janapadoddhvaṃsanīye- “karma kiñcit kvacit kāle vipāke niyataṃ mahat| kiñcinna kālaniyataṃ pratyayaiḥ pratibodhyate” (vi.a.3) iti| asya tvarthaṃ prapañcena tatraiva darśayiṣyāmaḥ| na ca vācyam- adṛṣṭameva sarvatra kāraṇaṃ, tacca niyatakālavipākameva, yaducyate- “nākāle jāyate kaścinnākāle mriyate tathā| jagat kālavaśaṃ sarvaṃ kālaḥ sarvatra kāraṇam” iti; yataḥ, yadevādṛṣṭaṃ tadeva dṛṣṭayāgādibrahmavadhādijanyaṃ kiñcit| yaddṛṣṭenānupapannaṃ, tatrādṛṣṭakalpanā prāmāṇikī, yattu dāhādi dṛṣṭenaivāgnisambandhenopapadyate tatra kā kathā'dṛṣṭasya dṛṣṭakāryānyathānupapattiparikalpanīyasya; tena ya ime durbalena karmaṇā dṛṣṭabalavadapathyasevājanitadoṣabalādārabdhā vyādhayaste balavatā catuṣpādasampannena bheṣajena doṣakṣayakenopāyena paraṃ sādhyāḥ, tadabhāve tu durbalenāpi karmaṇā dṛṣṭadoṣabalādārabdhā vyādhayo na nivartanta iti| yaduktaṃ- “daivaṃ puruṣakāreṇa durbalaṃ hyupahanyate| daivena cetarat karma viśiṣṭenopahanyate” (vi.a.3) iti| anupāyena abheṣajena| ayaṃ bheṣajasamudāyaḥ sarvaguṇasampanna ityarthaḥ; asādhye vyādhau cikitsāṃ kurvan vaidya eva yathoktaguṇo na bhavatītyarthaḥ| nahyalaṃ na samarthaḥ; yadyasādhyatāṃ jānāti tadā na pravartata eva, atha na jānāti tadā jñānavāneva na bhavatīti bhāvaḥ| catuṣpādasampadā'vaśyaṃ vyādhipraśamo bhavatīti dṛṣṭāntenāha- yathā hītyādi| iṣvāso dhānuṣkaḥ| asyan kṣipan| nātiviprakṛṣṭe sannihite| anaparādha ⁶ iti lakṣyabhraṃśarahitaḥ| iṣṭaṃ kāryaṃ lakṣyavedhalakṣaṇam||5||

idaṃ ca ⁷ naḥ pratyakṣaṃ- yadanātureṇa bheṣajenāturaṃ cikitsāmaḥ ⁸, kṣāmamakṣāmeṇa, kṛśaṃ ca durbalamāpyāyayāmaḥ, sthūlaṃ medasvinamapatarpayāmaḥ, śītenoṣṇābhibhūtamupacarāmaḥ, śītābhibhūtamuṣṇena, nyūnān dhātūn pūrayāmaḥ, vyatiriktān hrāsayāmaḥ, vyādhīn mūlaviparyayeṇopacarantaḥ samyak prakṛtau sthāpayāmaḥ; teṣāṃ nastathā kurvatāmayaṃ bheṣajasamudāyaḥ kāntatamo bhavati||6||

bheṣajasya rogapraśamakartṛtve upapattyantaramāha- idaṃ cetyādi| anātureṇeti āturaguṇaviparītena| āturamanātureṇa cikitsāma iti yaduktaṃ, tasyaiva vivaraṇaṃ- kṣāmamakṣāmeṇetyādi| kṣāmo nirdravaḥ| kṛśaṃ ca durbalamāpyāyayāma iti santarpayāmaḥ| vyatiriktāniti atiriktānityarthaḥ ⁹| mūlaviparyayeṇeti kāraṇaviparyayeṇa, tacca prabhāvāditi boddhavyaṃ; tena viṣavikārasya viṣeṇopacaraṇametat pratyakṣaṃ cānyadupagṛhītaṃ bhavati| kāntatamo vikārapraśamakatvenābhīṣṭatamaḥ; anye'rthadharmopāyāḥ kāntāḥ kāntatarāśca, ayaṃ tu bheṣajasamudāyaḥ sarvocchedakarogaharatvena kāntatamaḥ||6||

bhavanti cātra- sādhyāsādhyavibhāgajño jñānapūrvaṃ cikitsakaḥ| kāle cārabhate karma yattat sādhayati dhruvam||7|| arthavidyāyaśohānimupakrośamasaṅgraham ¹⁰¹¹| prāpnuyānniyataṃ vaidyo yo'sādhyaṃ samupācaret||8||

jñānapūrvamiti bheṣajādijñānapūrvaṃ, yat karmārabhate tat karma cikitsitarūpaṃ, sādhayati ‘sādhyaṃ’ iti śeṣaḥ| asādhyavyādhau na pravartitavyamiti śikṣayati- arthetyādi| arthaḥ arthalābhaḥ, hāniḥ kṣatiḥ| upakrośo janāpavādaḥ| asaṅgrahaḥ cikitsārthamanupādānaṃ; yadi ‘vā asadgraha’ iti pāṭhaḥ, tadā cāsadgraho rājadaṇḍenāsatpuruṣaiścāṇḍālādibhirgrahaṇam||7-8||

sukhasādhyaṃ mataṃ sādhyaṃ kṛcchrasādhyamathāpi ca| dvividhaṃ cāpyasādhyaṃ syādyāpyaṃ yaccānupakramam ¹²||9|| sādhyānāṃ trividhaścālpamadhyamotkṛṣṭatāṃ prati| vikalpo, na tvasādhyānāṃ niyatānāṃ vikalpanā||10||

sādhye pravṛttiruktā, asādhye nivṛttiśca, tena sādhyāsādhyayorbhedakathanapūrvakaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ vaktumāha- sukhasādhyamityādi| akiñcitkaratvenāvidyamāna upakramo yasya tadanupakramaṃ; yāpyaṃ tvanupakramaṃ na bhavati, yāpanākartṛtvena kiñcitkaratvāt| tatropakramasyālpamadhyamotkṛṣṭatāṃ pratīti alpamadhyamotkṛṣṭayogādityarthaḥ; tenālpasādhyamalpopāyasādhyaṃ, madhyasādhyaṃ madhyopāyasādhyam, utkṛṣṭasādhyamutkṛṣṭopāyasādhyamiti bhedatrayaṃ sādhyānāṃ bhavati| asādhyānāṃ tu niyatānāmiti yāpyavyatiriktānāmanupakramāṇāṃ, vikalpanā vikalpaḥ, nāstīti evambhūtā'lpāsādhyādirūpā nāsti; prāṇahara-vaikalyakara-sadyaḥprāṇahara-kālāntaraprāṇaharatvādikalpanā tvasādhyānāmastyeva; yadasādhyaṃ tadalpena madhyena cotkṛṣṭena copāyenāsādhyameva; yāpyarūpāsādhyānāṃ tvalpopāyayāpyatvādibhedo'styeva||9-10||

hetavaḥ pūrvarūpāṇi rūpāṇyalpāni yasya ca| na ca tulyaguṇo dūṣyo na doṣaḥ prakṛtirbhavet||11|| na ca kālaguṇastulyo na deśo durupakramaḥ| gatirekā navatvaṃ ca rogasyopadravo na ca||12|| doṣaścaikaḥ samutpattau dehaḥ sarvauṣadhakṣamaḥ| catuṣpādopapattiśca sukhasādhyasya lakṣaṇam||13||

na doṣaḥ prakṛtirbhavediti vyādhyārambhako yo doṣaḥ sa tatprakṛtāvutkaṭo na bhavedityarthaḥ| deśo bhūmirāturaśca| deśo durupakramo yathā- vātavyādhau tulyaguṇo maruḥ, tathā śleṣmavyādhāvanūpaḥ| dehaśca durupakramo yathā- sarvavyādhīnāmeva marmalakṣaṇo deśaḥ, tathā vātavyādheḥ pakvāśaya ityādi| gatirekā eko mārga ityarthaḥ, mārgāstrayastisraiṣaṇīye vaktavyāḥ- “śākhā marmāsthisandhayaḥ koṣṭhaśca” (sū.a.11) iti| etaccotsarganyāyenoktaṃ, tena kvacidvyādhiprabhāvādanyathā'pi sukhasādhyatvādilakṣaṇābhidhānena virodho na vaktavyaḥ| yaduktaṃ- “jvare tulyartudoṣatvaṃ pramehe tulyadūṣyatā| raktagulme purāṇatvaṃ sukhasādhyasya lakṣaṇam” iti||11-13||

nimittapūrvarūpāṇāṃ rūpāṇāṃ madhyame bale| kālaprakṛtidūṣyāṇāṃ sāmānye'nyatamasya ca||14|| garbhiṇīvṛddhabālānāṃ ¹³ nātyupadravapīḍitam| śastrakṣārāgnikṛtyānāmanavaṃ kṛcchradeśajam||15|| vidyādekapathaṃ rogaṃ nātipūrṇacatuṣpadam| dvipathaṃ nātikālaṃ vā kṛcchrasādhyaṃ dvidoṣajam||16||

kālaprakṛtidūṣyāṇāmiti nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhī| sāmānya iti doṣeṇa samam| garbhiṇīvṛddhabālānāṃ sarva eva vyādhiḥ kṛcchrasādhyo boddhavyaḥ| nātyupadravapīḍitamiti pūrveṇa na yojanīyaṃ, kintu svatantrameva| śastrakṣārāgnikṛtyāḥ śastrakṣārāgnisādhyāḥ; eṣāṃ yo vyādhistaṃ kṛcchrasādhyaṃ vidyāditi sambandhaḥ| kṛcchradeśajaṃ marmasandhyādijam| ekapathasya viśeṣaṇaṃ- nātipūrṇacatuṣpadamiti| dvipathamityasya viśeṣaṇaṃ- nātikālamiti||14-16||

śeṣatvādāyuṣo yāpyamasādhyaṃ pathyasevayā| labdhālpasukhamalpena hetunā''śupravartakam||17|| gambhīraṃ bahudhātusthaṃ marmasandhisamāśritam| nityānuśāyinaṃ rogaṃ dīrghakālamavasthitam||18|| vidyāddvidoṣajaṃ,...|19|

yāpyatvenaivāsādhyatve labdhe yadasādhyamiti padaṃ tadyāpyayāpanārthaṃ kriyamāṇabheṣajatayā sādhyatvaśaṅkānirāsārtham| śeṣatvādāyuṣa iti vacanamāyuḥśeṣe vidyamāna eva yāpyavyādhiprādurbhāvo bhavatīti darśanārtham| pathyasevayā bheṣajasevayā, labdhamalpaṃ sukhaṃ yasmin tallabdhālpasukham| pravartanaṃ pravartaḥ, alpena hetunā''śu śīghraṃ pravartanaṃ yasya tadāśupravartakaṃ; svārthe aṇ| gambhīraṃ medaḥprabhṛtidhātugatam| nityānuśāyī nityānubandhaḥ| vidyāddvidoṣajamityantena yāpyalakṣaṇam||17-18||-

...tadvat pratyākhyeyaṃ tridoṣajam| kriyāpathamatikrāntaṃ sarvamārgānusāriṇam||19|| autsukyāratisammohakaramindriyanāśanam| durbalasya susaṃvṛddhaṃ vyādhiṃ sāriṣṭameva ca||20||

tadvadityādi tu pratyākhyeyalakṣaṇam| tadvadityanena gambhīrādiyāpyalakṣaṇayuktaṃ sattridoṣajaṃ pratyākhyeyamityarthaḥ| autsukyaṃ harṣodrekaḥ, aratiranavasthānalakṣaṇā, sammoho manaso mohaḥ||19-20||

bhiṣajā prāk parīkṣyaivaṃ vikārāṇāṃ svalakṣaṇam| paścātkarmasamārambhaḥ kāryaḥ sādhyeṣu dhīmatā||21|| sādhyāsādhyavibhāgajño yaḥ samyakpratipattimān| na sa maitreyatulyānāṃ mithyābuddhiṃ prakalpayet||22||

na sa maitreyatulyānāṃ mithyābuddhiṃ prakalpayediti evaṅguṇo vaidyaḥ pratiniyamena yaṃ vyādhimupakramettaṃ sādhayatyeva paraṃ, tato bheṣajasya vyādhipraśamanaṃ prati karaṇatvāvadhāraṇe sati bheṣajamabheṣajena samānamiti maitreyasadṛśānāṃ karmavādināṃ mithyābuddheranutpāda iti bhāvaḥ||21-22||

tatra ślokau- ihauṣadhaṃ pādaguṇāḥ prabhavo bheṣajāśrayaḥ| ātreyamaitreyamatī matidvaividhyaniścayaḥ||23|| caturvidhavikalpāśca vyādhayaḥ svasvalakṣaṇāḥ| uktā mahācatuṣpāde yeṣvāyattaṃ bhiṣagjitam||24||

saṅgrahe iheti ihādhyāye| auṣadhamiti catuṣpādam| pādaguṇā iti yaduktaṃ pūrvādhyāye ṣoḍaśaguṇamiti| prabhāvo bheṣajāśraya iti tadbheṣajaṃ yuktiyuktamalamārogyāyeti||23-24||

ityagniveśakṛte tantre carakapratisaṃskṛte ślokasthāne mahācatuṣpādo nāma daśamo'dhyāyaḥ||10||

iti śrīcakrapāṇidattaviracitāyāṃ carakatātparyaṭīkāyāmāyurvedadīpikāyāṃ sūtrasthāne tṛtīye nirdeśacatuṣke mahācatuṣpādo nāma daśamo'dhyāyaḥ||10||

pāṭhāntarāḥ

1 ‘bhiṣagbhirupakrāntāḥ’ iti pā. ↩
2 ‘iti maitreyaḥ’ iti pā. ↩
3 ‘mithyā cintyate’ iti pā. ↩
4 ‘samamutthānaviśeṣo'sti’ iti gaṅgādharasammataḥ pāṭhaḥ ↩
5 ‘bheṣajasamudāyo'sti’ iti pā. ↩
6 ‘nāparādhavān’ iti pā. ↩
7 ‘idaṃ cedaṃ ca’ iti pā. ↩
8 ‘upacarāmaḥ’ iti pā. ↩
9 ‘nyūnavyatiriktānadhikānityarthaḥ’ iti pā. ↩
10 ‘svārtha...’ iti pā. ↩
11 ‘… masadgraham’ iti pā. ↩
12 ‘yadanupakramam’ iti pā. ↩
13 ‘gurviṇīvṛddhabālānāṃ’ iti pā. ↩