41. dravyaviśeṣavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ

athāto dravyaviśeṣavijñānīyamadhyāyaṃ ¹ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ ||1|| yathovāca bhagavān dhanvantariḥ ||2||

athāta ityādi| dravyasya viśeṣo bhedaḥ pārthivādikaḥ||1-2||

tatra pṛthivyaptejovāyvākāśānāṃ ² samudāyāddravyābhinirvṛttiḥ, utkarṣastvabhivyañjako bhavati- idaṃ pārthivamidamāpyamidaṃ taijasamidaṃ vāyavyamidamākāśīyamiti ||3||

tatra sarveṣāmeva dravyāṇāṃ pañcabhūtābhinirvṛttatvāt pṛthagdravyāṇāṃ pṛthivyādyārabdhānāṃ paramārthabhedo nāstītyutkarṣopādhibhedaṃ darśayannāha- tatretyādi| samudāyāt samavāyāt| dravyābhinirvṛttirdravyajanma| abhivyañjako jñāpakaḥ||3||

tatra sthūlasāndramandasthiragurukaṭhinaṃ ³ gandhabahulamīṣatkaṣāyaṃ ⁴ prāyaśo madhuramiti pārthivaṃ; tat sthairyabalagauravasaṅghātopacayakaraṃ viśeṣataścādhogatisvabhāvamiti(1) |4|

tatra prabhūtaṃ dravyābhivyaktikāraṇaṃ pṛthivyādibhūtaguṇotkarṣaṃ nirdiśannāha- tatra sthūletyādi| sthūlaḥ sūkṣmaviparītaḥ, sāndrastanuviparyayaḥ, mandastīkṣṇaviparyayaḥ, saraviparītaḥ sthiraḥ, guruścirapākī, kaṭhino mṛduviparītaḥ| pārthivasya lakṣaṇābhidhānena guṇavattvamabhidhāya kriyāvattvaṃ darśayannāha- tatra sthairyetyādi| sthairyamacalatvaṃ, saṅghātaḥ kāṭhinyam, upacayo bṛṃhaṇam||4(1)||

śītastimitasnigdhamandagurusarasāndramṛdupicchilaṃ rasabahulamīṣatkaṣāyāmlalavaṇaṃ madhurarasaprāyamāpyaṃ; tat snehanahlādanakledanabandhanaviṣyandanakaramiti;(2) |4|

idānīmāpyadravyamabguṇotkarṣeṇa bhinnaṃ darśayannāha- śītamityādi| stimitamārdraṃ, jaḍamityanye| āpyasya lakṣaṇābhidhānena guṇavattvamabhidhāya kriyāvattvaṃ darśayannāha- tat snehanetyādi| hlādanaṃ sukhotpādanaṃ, kledanamārdrabhāvaḥ, bandhanaṃ saṃhatyāpādanaṃ, viṣyandanaṃ dravasrutiḥ||4 (2)||

uṣṇatīkṣṇasūkṣmarūkṣakharalaghuviśadaṃ rūpabahulamīṣadamlalavaṇaṃ kaṭukarasaprāyaṃ viśeṣataścordhvagatisvabhāvamiti taijasaṃ; taddahanapacanadāraṇatāpanaprakāśanaprabhāvarṇakaramiti;(3) |4|

āgneyadravyalakṣaṇaṃ tadbhūtaguṇotkarṣeṇa darśayannāha- uṣṇetyādi| tīkṣṇaṃ rājikāmaricādivat, sūkṣmaṃ srotonusaraṇaśīlaṃ, viśadaṃ picchilaviparītam| tasya kriyāvattvaṃ darśayannāha- dahanetyādi| dahanaṃ bhasmasātkaraṇaṃ, pacanamāhārādipākaḥ, dāraṇaṃ vraṇādeḥ, tāpanaṃ śarīrādisantāpanaṃ, prakāśanamabhivyaktiḥ, prabhā tejaḥ, varṇo gaurādiḥ||4(3)||

sūkṣmarūkṣakharaśiśiralaghuviśadaṃ sparśabahulamīṣattiktaṃ viśeṣataḥ kaṣāyamiti vāyavīyaṃ; tadvaiśadyalāghavaglapanavirūkṣaṇavicāraṇakaramiti;(4) |4|

vāyuguṇotkarṣādvāyavyaṃ dravyaviśeṣaṃ darśayannāha- sūkṣmetyādi| kharaṃ karkoṭakaphalavat, śiśiraṃ śītaṃ, viśadaṃ dhūlivat| tasyaiva karma darśayannāha- tadvaiśadyetyādi| glapanamavṛṣyatvaṃ, vicāraṇaṃ manaso'nekavikalpakāraṇaṃ; ‘vicaraṇakaram’ ityanye paṭhanti, tatra gativiśeṣakaramityarthaḥ; ‘vidhāraṇam’ ityanye||4(4)||

ślakṣṇasūkṣmamṛduvyavāyiviśadaviviktamavyaktarasaṃ śabdabahulamākāśīyaṃ; tanmārdavaśauṣiryalāghavakaramiti(5) ||4||

ākāśaguṇotkarṣeṇākāśīyaṃ dravyaviśeṣaṃ darśayannāha- ślakṣṇetyādi| ślakṣṇaṃ masṛṇaṃ, mṛdu komalaṃ, vyavāyīti samastadehaṃ vyāpya paścāt pākaṃ gacchati viṣamadyavat, viviktaṃ pṛthagbhūtam, avayavadvāreṇa śūnyamityanye, avyaktarasaṃ madhurādirasaviśeṣānupalabdheḥ| tasya karmāṇi nirdiśannāha- tanmārdavetyādi| śauṣiryaṃ chidrabhāvaḥ ||4(5)||

anena ⁵ nidarśanena nānauṣadhībhūtaṃ jagati kiñciddravyamastīti kṛtvā taṃ taṃ yuktiviśeṣamarthaṃ cābhisamīkṣya svavīryaguṇayuktāni dravyāṇi kārmukāṇi ⁶ bhavanti | tāni yadā kurvanti sa kālaḥ, yat kurvanti tat karma, yena kurvanti tadvīryaṃ, yatra kurvanti tadadhikaraṇaṃ, yathā kurvanti sa upāyaḥ, yanniṣpādayanti tat phalamiti ||5||

idānīṃ sarvasyaiva jagataḥ sthāvarajaṅgamākhyasya pāñcabhautikatvena sarvamauṣadhaṃ kriyāguṇayogādibhirdarśayannāha- anenetyādi| nānauṣadhibhūtamiti anauṣadhibhūtaṃ dravyaṃ nāstīti sambandhaḥ| yuktiviśeṣamiti yuktiviśeṣo yojanāviśeṣastoyāgnisaṃskāravāsanabhāvanāmātrākālādyapekṣaḥ| arthaṃ ceti| arthaḥ prayojanaṃ nānāvyādhinirghātanaṃ, vīryaṃ śaktiḥ śītoṣṇādayo vā'ṣṭau śaktimanto guṇāḥ, guṇā gurvādayaḥ, anye tu vīryapradhānā guṇā vīryaguṇāste punaḥ saratvādayaḥ| kārmukāṇi kāryakarāṇi| tāni dravyāṇi yadā yasmin kāle, kriyāṃ kurvanti sa kālaḥ; kālaśca saṃvatsarātmā ṛtvākhyaḥ śītoṣṇavarṣalakṣaṇaścāturāvasthikaścābhipretaḥ| yadityādi karmaśabdenātra bheṣajadravyavyāpāraḥ śodhanādiruktaḥ| yenetyādi| vīryamiti śaktiḥ| yatretyādi| adhikaraṇamiti pañcamahābhūtaśarīrisamavāyilakṣaṇaḥ puruṣo'dhikaraṇam| yathetyādi| yena svarasakalkaśṛtaśītaphāṇṭaghṛtatailalehamodakotkārikādiprakāreṇa kurvanti sa upāyaḥ| yaditi svāsthyamasvāsthyaṃ vā||5||

tatra, virecanadravyāṇi pṛthivyambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhāni, pṛthivyāpo gurvyaḥ, tāni ⁷ gurutvādadho gacchanti, tasmādvirecanamadhoguṇabhūyiṣṭhamanumānāt ⁸; vamanadravyāṇyagnivāyuguṇabhūyiṣṭhāni, agnivāyu hi laghū, laghutvācca tānyūrdhvamuttiṣṭhanti, tasmādvamanamapyūrdhvaguṇabhūyiṣṭham; ubhayaguṇabhūyiṣṭhamubhayatobhāgam; ākāśaguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ saṃśamanaṃ; sāṅgrāhikamanilaguṇabhūyiṣṭham, anilasya śoṣaṇātmakatvāt; dīpanamagniguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ, tatsamānatvāt; lekhanamanilānalaguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ; bṛṃhaṇaṃ pṛthivyambuguṇabhūyiṣṭham; evamauṣadhakarmāṇyanumānāt sādhayet ||6|| bhavanti cātra- bhūtejovārijairdravyaiḥ śamaṃ yāti samīraṇaḥ | bhūmyambuvāyujaiḥ pittaṃ kṣipramāpnoti nirvṛtim ||7|| khatejo'nilajaiḥ śleṣmā śamameti śarīriṇām | viyatpavanajātābhyāṃ vṛddhimabhyeti mārutaḥ ||8|| āgneyameva yaddravyaṃ tena pittamudīryate | vasudhājalajātābhyāṃ balāsaḥ parivardhate ||9||

tatretyādi| gurutvāditi gurutvalaghutve ceha prabhāvaviśeṣādhiṣṭhite trivṛtādimadanaphalādidravyasamavete grāhye, na tu gurutvalaghutvamātre; anyathā matsyapiṣṭānnamasūrādīnāṃ virecakatvaṃ kapiñjalalāvādīnāṃ ca vāmanīyatvaṃ syāt| adho gacchanti upalādivat| adhoguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ pṛthivyambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhamityarthaḥ| vamanetyādi ūrdhvamuttiṣṭhantīti dhūmavajjvālāvacca| vamanadravyamūrdhvaguṇabhūyiṣṭham agnivāyuguṇabhūyiṣṭhamityarthaḥ| ubhayaguṇabhūyiṣṭhamiti virecanavamananirdiṣṭabhūtacatuṣṭayaguṇabhūyiṣṭhamityarthaḥ| saṃśamanamiti “na śodhayati yaddoṣān samānnodīrayatyapi| samīkaroti kruddhāṃśca tat saṃśamanamucyate” iti| lekhanaṃ kaphamedasoḥ| nirvṛtiḥ śāntiḥ||6-9||

evametadguṇādhikyaṃ dravye dravye viniścitam | dviśo vā bahuśo vā'pi jñātvā doṣeṣu ⁹ cācaret ||10||

evamityādi| evamanena prakāreṇa| etat pūrvoktam| dviśa iti dvayordvayordoṣayoḥ| bahuśa iti bahūnāṃ doṣāṇāmityarthaḥ| doṣeṣu cācarediti cakārādrogeṣvapyevamācarediti samuccīyate||10||

tatra ya ime guṇā vīryasañjñakāḥ śītoṣṇasnigdharūkṣamṛdutīkṣṇapicchilaviśadāsteṣāṃ ¹⁰ tīkṣṇoṣṇāvāgneyau, śītapicchilāvambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhau ¹¹, pṛthivyambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhaḥ ¹² snehaḥ, toyākāśaguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ mṛdutvaṃ, vāyuguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ raukṣyaṃ, kṣitisamīraṇaguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ ¹³ vaiśadyaṃ; vipākāvuktaguṇau | tatra, uṣṇasnigdhau vātaghnau, śītamṛdupicchilāḥ pittaghnāḥ, tīkṣṇarūkṣaviśadāḥ śleṣmaghnāḥ ¹⁴ gurupāko vātapittaghnaḥ, laghupākaḥ śleṣmaghnaḥ | teṣāṃ mṛduśītoṣṇāḥ ¹⁵ sparśagrāhyāḥ, picchilaviśadau cakṣuḥsparśābhyāṃ, snigdharūkṣau cakṣuṣā, tīkṣṇo mukhe duḥkhotpādanāt ¹⁶| gurupākaḥ sṛṣṭaviṇmūtratayā kaphotkleśena ca, laghurbaddhaviṇmūtratayā mārutakopena ca | tatra tulyaguṇeṣu bhūteṣu rasavaiśeṣyamupalakṣayet | tadyathā- madhuro guruśca pārthivaḥ, madhuraḥ snigdhaścāpya iti ||11||

tatretyādi| ime vakṣyamāṇāḥ| vipākayormadhurakaṭukayoḥ prāguktā guṇāḥ| tatroṣṇetyādi uṣṇasnigdhau vīryasañjñau guṇau| teṣāmaṣṭānāṃ vīryāṇāṃ madhye| mukhe duḥkhotpādanāditi atra cārtho draṣṭavyaḥ, tena ghrāṇaduḥkhotpādanācceti draṣṭavyam| snigdhaśceti cākārādguruśca||11||

bhavati cātra- guṇā ya uktā dravyeṣu śarīreṣvapi te tathā | sthānavṛddhikṣayāstasmāddehināṃ dravyahetukāḥ ||12||

guṇā ityādi| guṇā viṃśatiradhikā vā| sthānaṃ doṣadhātumalasāmyenāvasthānaṃ, vṛddhirdoṣāderādhikyaṃ, kṣayaḥ hrāso doṣādīnām| dravyahetukāḥ pāñcabhautikadravyahetukāḥ||12||

iti suśrutasaṃhitāyāṃ sūtrasthāne dravyaviśeṣavijñānīyo nāmaikacatvāriṃśattamo'dhyāyaḥ ||41||

iti śrīḍalha(hla)ṇaviracitāyāṃ nibandhasaṅgrahākhyāyāṃ suśrutavyākhyāyāṃ sūtrasthāne ekacatvāriṃśattamo'dhyāyaḥ||41||

pāṭhāntarāḥ

1 ‘pūrvādhyāyoktadravyasya tatrānuktaviśeṣavijñānārthaṃ, tathā tadadhikāreṇa ca vīryavipākayorjñānārthaṃ dravyaviśeṣavijñānīyo'bhidhīyate| dravyasya pāñcabhautikakāryadravyasya pārthivatvādaya iha viśeṣā vivakṣitāḥ’ iti cakraḥ ↩
2 ‘sarvakāryadravyāṇāṃ pañcabhūtārabdhatvaṃ darśayitvā| cikitsopayuktaṃ pārthivatvādiviśeṣamāha- tatra pṛthivyapteja ityādi| samudāyāditi melakāt| pṛthivījalādīnāṃ ca yadyapi viruddhaguṇatvaṃ tathā'pyadṛṣṭavaśādekadravyarūpakāryārambhakaṃ dṛṣṭatvādeva bhavati| yathā vātādīnāmekavyādhyārambhakatvaṃ, śukraśoṇitayogarbhajanakatvaṃ, sattvarajastamasāṃ vā mahadādyārambhakatvam| utkarṣaḥ pratyekaṃ pṛthivyādyutkarṣaḥ| abhivyañjaka iti pārthivatvādyabhivyañjakaḥ’ iti cakraḥ ↩
3 hārāṇacandrastu ‘sthūlasārasāndra’ ityādi paṭhati, ‘sāraṃ sthirāṃśaṃ pākādibhiḥ kṣayāpacayarahitamityetat’ iti ca vyākhyānayati ↩
4 ‘atra guṇe gandhabahulamiti vacanāt pṛthivyāḥ sāṃsiddhikena gandhabāhulyena yogaṃ darśayati| evaṃ jalādiṣvapi sāṃsiddhikena rasādiviśeṣeṇa yogaṃ darśayan bahulaśabdaṃ kariṣyati| īṣatkaṣāyamiti pṛthivyanilayogājjñeyaṃ, yadvakṣyati- ‘pṛthivyanilaguṇabāhulyāt kaṣāyaḥ’ iti, prāyaśo madhuramiti madhurapradhānaṃ, pṛthivyā madhurarasakāraṇatvāt’ iti cakraḥ ↩
5 ‘evaṃ taduktapārthivādidravyasvarūpasya sarvasthāvarajaṅgamasya bheṣajatāpratipattiphalaṃ yathā bhavati tadāha- anenetyādi| nidarśyate pārthivādīnāṃ svarūpamaneneti nidarśanamāgamaḥ| tenāgameneti anantaroktena pārthivādidravyasvarūpapratipādakenāgamena| nānauṣadhibhūtamiti pratiṣedhadvayenauṣadhisvarūpamityarthaḥ| etadauṣadhitvaṃ sarvadravyāṇāṃ yathā bhavati tadāha- iti kṛtvā taṃ taṃ yuktiviśeṣamityādi| yuktiviśeṣamiti yojanāprakāram| sa ca yojanāviśeṣo bāhya ābhyantaro vā śāstre ukto vakṣyamāṇaḥ kālādyapekṣaḥ| arthamiti sādhyaṃ| tacca nānāvyādhighātena svasthapālanaviśeṣarūpam| svavīryaguṇayuktānīti svaśaktyā prabhāveṇa, guṇena ca rasavīryavipākādinā yuktāni| karmakarāṇīta karmaṇi samarthāni| kiṃvā svavīryayuktānīti svakīyakāryakaradharmayuktāni, kāryakṣamaṃ hi dravyadharmaṃ ‘yena kurvanti tadvīryaṃ’ ityanena vakṣyati| guṇaśabdo'yaṃ dharmavacanaḥ| etadevoktaṃ yuktyapekṣakāryaviśeṣe vīryaguṇayuktasya dravyasya kartṛtvaṃ bhedenāha- tāni yadetyādinā tatphalamityantena| yeneti prabhāveṇa rasena vīryeṇa vipākena vā| ayaṃ ca vīryaśabdaḥ pāribhāṣikavīryavacano na bhavati, kintu śaktimātravacanaḥ| tena prabhāvarasādayaḥ sarva eva svakāryaṃ kurvanto dravyasya śaktiparyāyarūpavīryavācyā iti jñeyāḥ| yanniṣpādayantīti ārogyaviśeṣaṃ svasthānuvṛttiviśeṣaṃ rasāyanaphalaṃ vā| atra sarvadravyabheṣajatvakathanaṃ viṣāgniprabhṛtīnāmapi tatsādhyaṃ prati kvacidvihitatvādyuktameva| yena viṣaṃ viṣaharaṇe udare ca vidhīyata eva| yattu madhughṛtādisaṃyogādinā viruddhaṃ, tat pratyekaṃ bheṣajaṃ kvacidbhavatyeva| saṃyuktaṃ ca vairodhikatvādbheṣajaṃ na bhavatīti na kācit kṣatiḥ| nahyatra sarvathā dravyāṇāṃ bheṣajatvaṃ pratijñātaṃ, kintu vivakṣitayojanādiyuktatveneti’ iti cakraḥ ↩
6 ‘karmakarāṇi’ iti pā. ↩
7 ‘tā’ iti pā. ↩
8 ‘anumānāllakṣayediti virecane yāni trivṛtādidravyāṇyuktāni tāni pṛthivyambuguṇagurutvayuktānyanumānājjñeyāni| gurutvānumānena ca gurutvakāryāntaravātaśamanāgnyananuguṇatvādi jñāyate| yattu pṛthivyambuguṇena gurutvādibhūyiṣṭhānumānaṃ tanna yujyate, na hi yat pṛthivyambuguṇagurutvabhūyiṣṭhaṃ tat sarvaṃ virecanaṃ, tathā sati māṣādīnāmapi gurutvādvirecakatvaprasaktiḥ| tasmādvirecakatvaprabhāvasahitaṃ gurutvaṃ virecakam| prabhāvapratītiśca yataḥ pramāṇādāgamādanyato vā tata eva ca virecakaṃ pratipannamiti| laghutvādūrdhvamuttiṣṭhate ityatrāpi prabhāvasahitāditi jñeyam| vāyuśca yadyapi tiryaggatistathā'pyūrdhvagenāgninā yukto yogavāhitvādūrdhvaṃ gacchatīti yuktam|’ iti cakraḥ ↩
9 ‘doṣeṣviti dravyaguṇaviparītaguṇeṣu, doṣaviparītaguṇaṃ hi dravyaṃ bheṣajamiti vyavasthitameva’ iti cakraḥ| ‘doṣe'vacārayet’ iti pā. ↩
10 ‘gurulaghumṛdutīkṣṇā’ iti hārāṇacandrasammataḥ pāṭhaḥ ↩
11 ‘guruśītau pṛthivyambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhau’ iti hā.pā. ↩
12 ‘ambuguṇabhūyiṣṭhaḥ’ iti hā.pā. ↩
13 ‘agnyākāśasamīraṇaguṇabhūyiṣṭhaṃ laghutvaṃ’ iti hā. pā. ↩
14 ‘gurūṣṇasnigdhā vātaghnāḥ, mṛduśītau pittaghnau, laghutīkṣṇarūkṣāḥ śleṣmaghnāḥ’ iti hā.pā. ↩
15 ‘mṛduśītoṣṇānāṃ sparśenāpi grahaṇaṃ bhavatīti sparśagrāhyā ityuktāḥ| yena saindhavagataṃ śītatvamānūpamāṃsagatamauṣṇyamityādi na sparśagrāhyaṃ, kintu kāryānumeyamāgamapratipādanīyaṃ vā, evamasparśādigrāhyeṣvapi tadudāharaṇamanusaraṇīyam’ iti cakraḥ ↩
16 ‘teṣāṃ śītoṣṇasnigdhā hlādanapācanastambhanādinā, rūkṣagurulaghavo virūkṣaṇopalepalekhanādinā, tīkṣṇo dahanapacanādinā, mṛdustadviparyāsenānumīyate’ iti hā.pā. ↩